Open access & fees

All research articles are published open access under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Authors retain copyright.

Article processing charges

An article processing charge (APC) applies to accepted research articles. The charge is waived in full for corresponding authors based in low- and lower-middle-income countries, and partial or full waivers are available on request for authors without funding.

Editors are not involved in decisions about fees, and the ability to pay plays no part in editorial decisions.

Self-archiving

Authors may deposit any version of their manuscript in institutional or subject repositories at any time.