Publish with us
Guide for authors
Everything you need to prepare and submit a manuscript.
Before you submit
Please make sure your work fits our aims and scope. If you are unsure, you may send a pre-submission enquiry with an abstract and a short explanation of the work's significance.
Preparing your manuscript
- Submit a single PDF or Word file containing the text, figures and tables for the initial submission. We do not require a particular format at this stage.
- The abstract should be no more than 250 words and should not contain references.
- Articles are typically 3,000–5,000 words with up to six display items; Letters up to 2,500 words with up to four.
- Include statements on data and code availability, competing interests and author contributions.
Peer review
Manuscripts are first assessed by an editor. Those that are suitable are sent to two or three independent reviewers. We aim to reach a first decision within a few weeks. See our peer review policy.
After acceptance
Accepted papers are copy-edited and typeset, and authors receive proofs. Articles are published online as soon as they are ready and later appear in a monthly issue.
Fees
See open access and fees. Waivers are available.
Last updated 26 October 2026